On 17 and 18 September, communication devices, some used by the armed group Hezbollah, exploded across Lebanon, including in urban areas, with devastating consequences for civilians and their communities, including the health care system. According to Insecurity Insight’s monitoring of reported information, at least two health workers were killed in these attacks, including a nurse who worked at Dar al-Amal Hospital and a hospital staff member who was injured while working at Rassoul al-Azzam Hospital and later died from his injuries.1 On at least one occasion, an explosive detonated inside an ambulance.

Since 23 September, Israel's military has carried out extensive airstrikes in southern Lebanon and the Beqaa area, exceeding the bombing of Gaza during the opening days of its military offensive in October. Insecurity Insight identified 18 incidents of violence against or obstruction of health care between 23 and 25 September. At least two health workers were killed and seven injured and six ambulances damaged by Israeli airstrikes. Ainata Medical Centre, Nabatieh Governmental Hospital, Tebnine Hospital, Bint Jbeil Governmental Hospital, and a pharmacy were also hit and damaged.