In July 2024, violent hostilities erupted in the Kidal region of northern Mali, close to the Algerian border. Armed clashes between the Malian Armed Forces and rebel groups, intensied the geopolitical instability in the region. The ghting led to widespread destruction and forced thousands of civilians, particularly women and children, to ee their homes. As of late July, reports indicated that between 5,000 and 6,000 people had crossed into Algeria, primarily through the border town of Tinzaouatine, seeking refuge from the violence.

This represents just a peak in the displacement, which had begun much earlier, leading to the movement of tens of thousands of people.

As a result of the mass population movement, Algeria's southern wilayas of In Guezzam and Bordj Badji Mokhtar have been overwhelmed, and the public health crisis in these areas has rapidly escalated. The inux of displaced persons has signicantly contributed to the spread of malaria and diphtheria. By late September, 536 cases of malaria had been recorded, with 40 deaths, alongside 115 cases of diphtheria, with 28 fatalities.