Mycetoma is a slow-moving but destructive infectious disease that begins in the subcutaneous tissues and can invade the skin, deep tissues, muscle and bone. Caused by more than 70 microorganisms of bacterial or fungal origin, mycetoma thrives in tropical and subtropical environments where thorn injuries are common.

Left untreated, the disease progresses from painless nodules to massive swellings. If not detected and managed early, mycetoma can cause gross deformity of the limbs, causing intense suffering, loss of function and impaired ability to work to earn a living. In advanced cases it can lead to amputation and death. 

Little is known about the incidence and prevalence of mycetoma worldwide. As early signs often go unrecognized by patients and health workers, the disease frequently progresses to the point where amputation is needed, resulting in lifelong disability and imposing heavy medical, public health and socioeconomic burdens on patients, their communities and health care systems.