In 2025, Sudan experienced an intense cholera emergency amid conflict, mass displacement, and a fragile health system. By early July 2025, the country reported ~32,000 suspected cholera cases for 2025, contributing to a cumulative burden exceeding 83,000 cases and ~2,100 deaths since mid-2024 (OCHA, 2025a; UNICEF, 2025c).

In Khartoum State, by 12 June 2025, authorities reported >16,000 cumulative cases and 239 deaths, prompting a 10-day reactive oral cholera vaccine (OCV) campaign targeting >2.6 million people across five localities (WHO EMRO, 2025b). Subsequent updates noted state-level declines following high campaign coverage alongside case management, surveillance, RCCE, and WASH measures (WHO EMRO, 2025a). UNICEF moved >3 million OCV doses to sustain campaigns in Khartoum and other hot spots (UNICEF, 2025d).