As bird flu infections rise in dairy cattle and chickens, human cases are ticking up too, leaving many people to wonder whether they might be at risk from this recently arrived virus.

Bird flu infections are rare in people. Sixty-one human cases have been confirmed in the US this year, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and all but three have been in people who work on poultry or dairy farms.

As the name suggests, avian influenza viruses prefer to infect birds. They break into cells by latching onto sugars that stick up from their surfaces called sialic acids. H5N1, the bird flu virus behind the ongoing outbreak in the US, has really only demonstrated an affinity for the types of sialic acid receptors that are most plentiful in the respiratory tracts of birds.