security Insight identified at least 691 incidents of violence against or obstruction of access to health care in Sudan since fighting started between the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in April 2023 and 25 November 2025. On average, there were two to three attacks on health care each day, with most of these attributed to the RSF. At least 173 health workers were killed and 83 arrested, while health facilities were reportedly damaged on 177 occasions. Health facilities were forced to close or reduce services, placing patients’ lives at risk as fighting, aircraft and drone strikes, and armed searches disrupted the delivery of care, with profound long-term impacts on the health system and affected communities.