This technical brief presents findings from a study on how seasonal livelihood systems shape child acute malnutrition in Afghanistan. Drawing on historical nutrition, health-facility and environmental data, as well as a household survey conducted under the joint Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, United Nations Children’s Fund and World Food Programme First Foods Initiative, the study identifies interconnected pathways linking agriculture, livestock, women’s agency and workloads, diets and One Health risks to child nutrition and health. It also provides recommendations for strengthening and scaling up integrated, seasonally adapted Livelihoods-for-Nutrition and One Health interventions.